Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture

Bello Yunusa Makama; Wahidullah Azizi; Suraya Azizi; Musbahu Rabiu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13

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Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture

Bello Yunusa Makama, Wahidullah Azizi, Suraya Azizi, Musbahu Rabiu

Published in American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 5, Issue 1)

Received: 29 October 2018 Accepted: 11 December 2018 Published: 13 April 2019

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Abstract

There is an increasing attempt in biodiesel production (fatty acid methyl ester) because of the depleting fossil fuel resources as well as the similarity in properties when compared to those of diesel fuels. Engines set off on biodiesel have lower emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and air toxics than engines runned on petroleum-based diesel fuel. We reported the optimization of Coconut oil methyl esters production via methyl ester from black oil/castor seed oils admixture under various operating conditions. The optimum yield, temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time were found to be 93%, 60°C, 1.0% (wt of crude oil admixture) and 60 minutes respectively. Many fuel properties (viscosity, specific gravity and flash point) as measured according to standard methods, also found to conform to international standard.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13
Page(s)	17-20
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Black Seed and Castor Oil Admixture, Transesterification, Temperature

References

[1]	AbdulKareem, A. S., Jimoh, A., Odigure, J. O., Patience, D., & Afolabi, A. S. (2012, 10 31). Production and Characterization of Biofuel from Non-Edible Oils, An Alternative Energy Sources to Petrol Diesel. American Journal of Applied Chemistry (7), 187-192.
[2]	Highina, B. K., Bugaje, I. M., & Umar, B. (2011, 6 28). Biodiesel production from Jatropha caucus oil in a batch reactor using zinc oxide as catalyst. Journal of Petroleum Technology and Alternative Fuels. Available online at HYPERLINK, 2 (9), 146-149.
[3]	Ma, F., & Hanna, M. A. (1999, 10). “Biodiesel Production: A Review.” Bioresource Technology. Science Direct, 70 (1), 1-15.
[4]	Marta, M. C., Roberlucia, A. C., Fernando, C. S., Aline, F. B., Valter, J. F., & Antonio, G. S. (2007, 6 1). Thermoanalytical characterization of castor oil biodiesel. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 11 (5), 964-975.
[5]	Noushab, & Javed, A. (2010, 1 1). All about Nigella sativa. Nigella Sativa.
[6]	Herz, H. F., & Spangler, A. (2012, 7). A methodology for discovering Nigella sativa, international recipes, and its benefits:. Cardian Scholars, 5-22.
[7]	Raymond, D., & Brigham. (1967, 7). Natural outcrossing in dwarf-internode castor. Aliance of Corp, Soll, and Enviromental Science Societies, 7 (4), 353-355.
[8]	Brigham, Raymond, D., & Minton, A. B. (1967). Resistance of dwarf-internode castor (Ricinus communis L.) to Verticillium Wilt. Plant Dis. Rptr. 53, 262-266.
[9]	Morrison, R. T., & Boyd, R. G. (1992, 1 27). Orcahnic Chemistry. (6. Edition, Ed.) 676.
[10]	Makama, B. Y. (2012, 7). Effect of Temprature on the Transesterification of Cod Liver Oil. Research journal of Chemical Science., 2 (7), 82-84.
[11]	Gerpan, J. V., Shanks, B., Pruszko, R., Celements, D., & Knothe, G. (2004, 7). Biodiesel Production Technology. National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
[12]	Makam, B. Y., Wilson, O., & Claver, J. H. (2018). "Synthesis and Physicochemical Study of Methyl Ester from Black and Caster Seed Oil Admixture". American Journal Of Enviromental Protection., 6 (2), 35-38.
[13]	Makama, B. Y., & Habibu, I. (2018). "Synthesis and Comparative Study of Biodiesel from Refined Shea Butter and Black Seed Oil in Admixture". Chemistry Research Journal., 3 (1), 122-126.

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APA Style

Bello Yunusa Makama, Wahidullah Azizi, Suraya Azizi, Musbahu Rabiu. (2019). Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 5(1), 17-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13

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ACS Style

Bello Yunusa Makama; Wahidullah Azizi; Suraya Azizi; Musbahu Rabiu. Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2019, 5(1), 17-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13

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AMA Style

Bello Yunusa Makama, Wahidullah Azizi, Suraya Azizi, Musbahu Rabiu. Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2019;5(1):17-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13,
  author = {Bello Yunusa Makama and Wahidullah Azizi and Suraya Azizi and Musbahu Rabiu},
  title = {Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20190501.13},
  abstract = {There is an increasing attempt in biodiesel production (fatty acid methyl ester) because of the depleting fossil fuel resources as well as the similarity in properties when compared to those of diesel fuels. Engines set off on biodiesel have lower emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and air toxics than engines runned on petroleum-based diesel fuel. We reported the optimization of Coconut oil methyl esters production via methyl ester from black oil/castor seed oils admixture under various operating conditions. The optimum yield, temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time were found to be 93%, 60°C, 1.0% (wt of crude oil admixture) and 60 minutes respectively. Many fuel properties (viscosity, specific gravity and flash point) as measured according to standard methods, also found to conform to international standard.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture
AU  - Bello Yunusa Makama
AU  - Wahidullah Azizi
AU  - Suraya Azizi
AU  - Musbahu Rabiu
Y1  - 2019/04/13
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
SP  - 17
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13
AB  - There is an increasing attempt in biodiesel production (fatty acid methyl ester) because of the depleting fossil fuel resources as well as the similarity in properties when compared to those of diesel fuels. Engines set off on biodiesel have lower emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and air toxics than engines runned on petroleum-based diesel fuel. We reported the optimization of Coconut oil methyl esters production via methyl ester from black oil/castor seed oils admixture under various operating conditions. The optimum yield, temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time were found to be 93%, 60°C, 1.0% (wt of crude oil admixture) and 60 minutes respectively. Many fuel properties (viscosity, specific gravity and flash point) as measured according to standard methods, also found to conform to international standard.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

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Author Information

Bello Yunusa Makama

Division of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, American University of Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan
Wahidullah Azizi

Division of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, American University of Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan
Suraya Azizi

Division of Science, Technology, and Mathematics, American University of Afghanistan, Kabul, Afghanistan
Musbahu Rabiu

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & Science Education, Kano University of Science & Technology, Wudil, Nigeria

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APA Style

Bello Yunusa Makama, Wahidullah Azizi, Suraya Azizi, Musbahu Rabiu. (2019). Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 5(1), 17-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13

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ACS Style

Bello Yunusa Makama; Wahidullah Azizi; Suraya Azizi; Musbahu Rabiu. Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2019, 5(1), 17-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13

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AMA Style

Bello Yunusa Makama, Wahidullah Azizi, Suraya Azizi, Musbahu Rabiu. Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2019;5(1):17-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13,
  author = {Bello Yunusa Makama and Wahidullah Azizi and Suraya Azizi and Musbahu Rabiu},
  title = {Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {5},
  number = {1},
  pages = {17-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20190501.13},
  abstract = {There is an increasing attempt in biodiesel production (fatty acid methyl ester) because of the depleting fossil fuel resources as well as the similarity in properties when compared to those of diesel fuels. Engines set off on biodiesel have lower emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and air toxics than engines runned on petroleum-based diesel fuel. We reported the optimization of Coconut oil methyl esters production via methyl ester from black oil/castor seed oils admixture under various operating conditions. The optimum yield, temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time were found to be 93%, 60°C, 1.0% (wt of crude oil admixture) and 60 minutes respectively. Many fuel properties (viscosity, specific gravity and flash point) as measured according to standard methods, also found to conform to international standard.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Effect of Temperature on the Synthesis of Methyl Ester via the Transesterification of Waste Black Seed Oil and Castor Seed Oil Admixture
AU  - Bello Yunusa Makama
AU  - Wahidullah Azizi
AU  - Suraya Azizi
AU  - Musbahu Rabiu
Y1  - 2019/04/13
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
SP  - 17
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190501.13
AB  - There is an increasing attempt in biodiesel production (fatty acid methyl ester) because of the depleting fossil fuel resources as well as the similarity in properties when compared to those of diesel fuels. Engines set off on biodiesel have lower emissions of carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons, and air toxics than engines runned on petroleum-based diesel fuel. We reported the optimization of Coconut oil methyl esters production via methyl ester from black oil/castor seed oils admixture under various operating conditions. The optimum yield, temperature, catalyst concentration and reaction time were found to be 93%, 60°C, 1.0% (wt of crude oil admixture) and 60 minutes respectively. Many fuel properties (viscosity, specific gravity and flash point) as measured according to standard methods, also found to conform to international standard.
VL  - 5
IS  - 1
ER  -

Copy | Download