Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons

Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

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Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons

Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin

Published in American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 29 August 2019 Accepted: 19 September 2019 Published: 14 October 2019

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Abstract

On the surface of the main crystal, positive ions interact with a negative cloud of free electrons and turn into neutral atoms. Neutral atoms having affinity to the electron other than zero additionally capture the electron and become negative ions. It is shown that under the action of ponderomotive forces the crystal surface is noticeably deformed, and it is experimentally confirmed. Besides, it is experimentally proved that three-atomic molecules possess allotropy in distribution of the built-in electric moments. The analysis of different physical models, which describe the thermo-and auto-electric emission of free electrons, is carried out and their inconsistency is shown. Thermal electron and field emission arise due to the temperature population of negative ions on the crystal surface and cluster vibrations in the near-surface layer. Field emission is thermal electron emission from negative ions and the Fermi level, which is transformed due to the action of the external electric field on the work of the surface by ponderomotive forces.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
Page(s)	47-55
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2019. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Thermal Electron Emission, Field Emission, Negative Ions, Work Function, Electron Affinity Energy, Surface

References

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[14]	Gretchikhin L. I., Latushkina S. D., Komarovskaya V. M., Shmermbekk Yu. Formation of densely packed and cluster lattice structure of indium on the surface of silicon./Magazine "Strengthening Technologies and Coatings" № 6, 2015. P. 3-12
[15]	. Sivukhin D. B. General physics course. Mechanics.-M.: "Science" 1979-519 p.
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Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin. (2019). Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 5(3), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

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ACS Style

Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin. Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2019, 5(3), 47-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

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AMA Style

Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin. Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2019;5(3):47-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11,
  author = {Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin},
  title = {Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {47-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20190503.11},
  abstract = {On the surface of the main crystal, positive ions interact with a negative cloud of free electrons and turn into neutral atoms. Neutral atoms having affinity to the electron other than zero additionally capture the electron and become negative ions. It is shown that under the action of ponderomotive forces the crystal surface is noticeably deformed, and it is experimentally confirmed. Besides, it is experimentally proved that three-atomic molecules possess allotropy in distribution of the built-in electric moments. The analysis of different physical models, which describe the thermo-and auto-electric emission of free electrons, is carried out and their inconsistency is shown. Thermal electron and field emission arise due to the temperature population of negative ions on the crystal surface and cluster vibrations in the near-surface layer. Field emission is thermal electron emission from negative ions and the Fermi level, which is transformed due to the action of the external electric field on the work of the surface by ponderomotive forces.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons
AU  - Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin
Y1  - 2019/10/14
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
SP  - 47
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
AB  - On the surface of the main crystal, positive ions interact with a negative cloud of free electrons and turn into neutral atoms. Neutral atoms having affinity to the electron other than zero additionally capture the electron and become negative ions. It is shown that under the action of ponderomotive forces the crystal surface is noticeably deformed, and it is experimentally confirmed. Besides, it is experimentally proved that three-atomic molecules possess allotropy in distribution of the built-in electric moments. The analysis of different physical models, which describe the thermo-and auto-electric emission of free electrons, is carried out and their inconsistency is shown. Thermal electron and field emission arise due to the temperature population of negative ions on the crystal surface and cluster vibrations in the near-surface layer. Field emission is thermal electron emission from negative ions and the Fermi level, which is transformed due to the action of the external electric field on the work of the surface by ponderomotive forces.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin

Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Belarusian State Academy of Communications, Minsk, Belarus

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APA Style

Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin. (2019). Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 5(3), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

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ACS Style

Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin. Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2019, 5(3), 47-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

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AMA Style

Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin. Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2019;5(3):47-55. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11,
  author = {Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin},
  title = {Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {47-55},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20190503.11},
  abstract = {On the surface of the main crystal, positive ions interact with a negative cloud of free electrons and turn into neutral atoms. Neutral atoms having affinity to the electron other than zero additionally capture the electron and become negative ions. It is shown that under the action of ponderomotive forces the crystal surface is noticeably deformed, and it is experimentally confirmed. Besides, it is experimentally proved that three-atomic molecules possess allotropy in distribution of the built-in electric moments. The analysis of different physical models, which describe the thermo-and auto-electric emission of free electrons, is carried out and their inconsistency is shown. Thermal electron and field emission arise due to the temperature population of negative ions on the crystal surface and cluster vibrations in the near-surface layer. Field emission is thermal electron emission from negative ions and the Fermi level, which is transformed due to the action of the external electric field on the work of the surface by ponderomotive forces.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Formation of Negative Ions on the Surface of a Solid Body and Their Influence on the Thermoelectronic and Autoelectronic Emission of Free Electrons
AU  - Leonid Ivanovich Gretchikhin
Y1  - 2019/10/14
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
T2  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JF  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
JO  - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research
SP  - 47
EP  - 55
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2471-9730
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20190503.11
AB  - On the surface of the main crystal, positive ions interact with a negative cloud of free electrons and turn into neutral atoms. Neutral atoms having affinity to the electron other than zero additionally capture the electron and become negative ions. It is shown that under the action of ponderomotive forces the crystal surface is noticeably deformed, and it is experimentally confirmed. Besides, it is experimentally proved that three-atomic molecules possess allotropy in distribution of the built-in electric moments. The analysis of different physical models, which describe the thermo-and auto-electric emission of free electrons, is carried out and their inconsistency is shown. Thermal electron and field emission arise due to the temperature population of negative ions on the crystal surface and cluster vibrations in the near-surface layer. Field emission is thermal electron emission from negative ions and the Fermi level, which is transformed due to the action of the external electric field on the work of the surface by ponderomotive forces.
VL  - 5
IS  - 3
ER  -

Copy | Download