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Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan

Received: 22 November 2017     Accepted: 4 December 2017     Published: 3 January 2018
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Abstract

In this review, we show that contaminated money and coins are a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food, and currency may spread nosocomial infections. The currency circulating in different parts of the world could serve as a vehicle for transmission of drug resistant pathogenic or potential organisms and contamination could be due to currency usage and handling as mint notes were not contaminated. Cotton-based banknotes provide a fibrous surface, which provides ample opportunity for bacterial attachment Therefore, hygienic measures such as thorough hand washing with soap after using currency notes and ATM machine should be observed and the practice of keeping money in shoes and socks and under the carpets should be discouraged. Further, we should avoid the use of saliva during counting of currency notes as well as desist from placing money in the mouth and biting off corners of currency notes. Moreover, ready-to- eat food sellers should be educated to avoid possible cross contamination between currency notes and the food they sell. The most common isolated bacteria were bacillus. klebsellia. E. coli. Staph. aureus,. pseudmonus, Streto. fecales. Enterobacter, Macrococus. This study showed that the most contaminated bill denomination were those of low denomination (1,2 SDG). Notes obtained from Cafeterias and Drivers showed the highest rate of bacterial contamination.

Published in International Journal of Chinese Medicine (Volume 1, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15
Page(s) 132-136
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2018. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Bacillus, Klebsellia, E. coli, Staph Aureus, Pseudmonus, Streto Fecales, Enterobacter

References
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  • APA Style

    Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman, Shingray Osman Hashim, Mohammed Abdall Musa, Omer Mohammed Tahir. (2018). Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan. International Journal of Chinese Medicine, 1(4), 132-136. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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    ACS Style

    Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman; Shingray Osman Hashim; Mohammed Abdall Musa; Omer Mohammed Tahir. Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan. Int. J. Chin. Med. 2018, 1(4), 132-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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    AMA Style

    Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman, Shingray Osman Hashim, Mohammed Abdall Musa, Omer Mohammed Tahir. Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan. Int J Chin Med. 2018;1(4):132-136. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15,
      author = {Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman and Shingray Osman Hashim and Mohammed Abdall Musa and Omer Mohammed Tahir},
      title = {Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan},
      journal = {International Journal of Chinese Medicine},
      volume = {1},
      number = {4},
      pages = {132-136},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcm.20170104.15},
      abstract = {In this review, we show that contaminated money and coins are a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food, and currency may spread nosocomial infections. The currency circulating in different parts of the world could serve as a vehicle for transmission of drug resistant pathogenic or potential organisms and contamination could be due to currency usage and handling as mint notes were not contaminated. Cotton-based banknotes provide a fibrous surface, which provides ample opportunity for bacterial attachment Therefore, hygienic measures such as thorough hand washing with soap after using currency notes and ATM machine should be observed and the practice of keeping money in shoes and socks and under the carpets should be discouraged. Further, we should avoid the use of saliva during counting of currency notes as well as desist from placing money in the mouth and biting off corners of currency notes. Moreover, ready-to- eat food sellers should be educated to avoid possible cross contamination between currency notes and the food they sell. The most common isolated bacteria were bacillus. klebsellia. E. coli. Staph. aureus,. pseudmonus, Streto. fecales. Enterobacter, Macrococus. This study showed that the most contaminated bill denomination were those of low denomination (1,2 SDG). Notes obtained from Cafeterias and Drivers showed the highest rate of bacterial contamination.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Aerobic Bacteriological Contamination of Sudanese Currency in Port Sudan, Sudan
    AU  - Abd Elrahman Mustafa Abd Elrahman Osman
    AU  - Shingray Osman Hashim
    AU  - Mohammed Abdall Musa
    AU  - Omer Mohammed Tahir
    Y1  - 2018/01/03
    PY  - 2018
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15
    T2  - International Journal of Chinese Medicine
    JF  - International Journal of Chinese Medicine
    JO  - International Journal of Chinese Medicine
    SP  - 132
    EP  - 136
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2578-9473
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcm.20170104.15
    AB  - In this review, we show that contaminated money and coins are a public health risk when associated with the simultaneous handling of food, and currency may spread nosocomial infections. The currency circulating in different parts of the world could serve as a vehicle for transmission of drug resistant pathogenic or potential organisms and contamination could be due to currency usage and handling as mint notes were not contaminated. Cotton-based banknotes provide a fibrous surface, which provides ample opportunity for bacterial attachment Therefore, hygienic measures such as thorough hand washing with soap after using currency notes and ATM machine should be observed and the practice of keeping money in shoes and socks and under the carpets should be discouraged. Further, we should avoid the use of saliva during counting of currency notes as well as desist from placing money in the mouth and biting off corners of currency notes. Moreover, ready-to- eat food sellers should be educated to avoid possible cross contamination between currency notes and the food they sell. The most common isolated bacteria were bacillus. klebsellia. E. coli. Staph. aureus,. pseudmonus, Streto. fecales. Enterobacter, Macrococus. This study showed that the most contaminated bill denomination were those of low denomination (1,2 SDG). Notes obtained from Cafeterias and Drivers showed the highest rate of bacterial contamination.
    VL  - 1
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Medical Laboratory Sciences Division, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan, Sudan

  • Medical Laboratory Sciences Division, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan, Sudan

  • Medical Laboratory Sciences Division, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan, Sudan

  • Medical Laboratory Sciences Division, Port Sudan Ahlia College, Port Sudan, Sudan

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