Clumped cells are generally more dangerous than single cells in cancer spread, thrombocytosis and biofilm infectivity. Here a simple direct kinetic assay is used to examine a specific reagent for anti-clumping activity using a Prefer fixed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model that has been recently described by us in detail using other reagents. In 1212 trials by 17 investigators sodium sulfate (1-3 mg per ml deionized water) was examined by measuring percentage single cells, number of clumps and number of cells per clump over a 60 min time course, with standard deviations and t-tests to determine any significant differences between controls and experimentals. Sodium sulfate showed sometimes inconsistent unclumping activity especially in magnitude of effects. When percentage of single cells increased, clump number and/or number of cells per clump generally decreased, helping to validate the assay. An example of these findings in 60 trials at 60 min with 1-3 mg sodium sulfate per ml deionized water: 1 mg 15% increased singles (p<0.01), 29% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 11% decreased cells per clump (p>0.05); 2 mg 12% increased singles (p<0.01), 20% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 30% decreased cells per clump (p<0.01); 3 mg 27% increased singles (p<0.01), 36% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 28% decreased cells per clump (p<0.02). Here sodium sulfate showed promise as an anti-cell-clumping reagent together with sodium citrate reported previously in part 1 of this study. Sodium citrate is a known human anticoagulant independently identified with this assay, helping to validate the assay for drug discovery applications.
| Published in | American Journal of Applied Scientific Research (Volume 6, Issue 2) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12 |
| Page(s) | 39-42 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2020. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Sodium Sulfate Unclumps Cells, Fixed Yeast Model, Kinetic Assay, Drug Discovery
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APA Style
Kristel Crocker, Jonie Deleon, Lucy Telliyan, Kevin Aprelian, Aryeh Rosenberg, et al. (2020). A Kinetic Assay for Drug Discovery: Part 2, Sodium Sulfate. American Journal of Applied Scientific Research, 6(2), 39-42. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12
ACS Style
Kristel Crocker; Jonie Deleon; Lucy Telliyan; Kevin Aprelian; Aryeh Rosenberg, et al. A Kinetic Assay for Drug Discovery: Part 2, Sodium Sulfate. Am. J. Appl. Sci. Res. 2020, 6(2), 39-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12
AMA Style
Kristel Crocker, Jonie Deleon, Lucy Telliyan, Kevin Aprelian, Aryeh Rosenberg, et al. A Kinetic Assay for Drug Discovery: Part 2, Sodium Sulfate. Am J Appl Sci Res. 2020;6(2):39-42. doi: 10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12,
author = {Kristel Crocker and Jonie Deleon and Lucy Telliyan and Kevin Aprelian and Aryeh Rosenberg and Nikole Pouri and Gerard Beltran and Vivian Ramirez and David Kaufman and Arpineh Petrosyan and Deanna Nazarian and Monikajane Magistrado and Suren Matinian and Daniel Hanna and Sera Eskandari and Faisal Atanante and Adees Nerses and Greg Zem and Steven Oppenheimer},
title = {A Kinetic Assay for Drug Discovery: Part 2, Sodium Sulfate},
journal = {American Journal of Applied Scientific Research},
volume = {6},
number = {2},
pages = {39-42},
doi = {10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajasr.20200602.12},
abstract = {Clumped cells are generally more dangerous than single cells in cancer spread, thrombocytosis and biofilm infectivity. Here a simple direct kinetic assay is used to examine a specific reagent for anti-clumping activity using a Prefer fixed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model that has been recently described by us in detail using other reagents. In 1212 trials by 17 investigators sodium sulfate (1-3 mg per ml deionized water) was examined by measuring percentage single cells, number of clumps and number of cells per clump over a 60 min time course, with standard deviations and t-tests to determine any significant differences between controls and experimentals. Sodium sulfate showed sometimes inconsistent unclumping activity especially in magnitude of effects. When percentage of single cells increased, clump number and/or number of cells per clump generally decreased, helping to validate the assay. An example of these findings in 60 trials at 60 min with 1-3 mg sodium sulfate per ml deionized water: 1 mg 15% increased singles (p0.05); 2 mg 12% increased singles (p<0.01), 20% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 30% decreased cells per clump (p<0.01); 3 mg 27% increased singles (p<0.01), 36% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 28% decreased cells per clump (p<0.02). Here sodium sulfate showed promise as an anti-cell-clumping reagent together with sodium citrate reported previously in part 1 of this study. Sodium citrate is a known human anticoagulant independently identified with this assay, helping to validate the assay for drug discovery applications.},
year = {2020}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - A Kinetic Assay for Drug Discovery: Part 2, Sodium Sulfate AU - Kristel Crocker AU - Jonie Deleon AU - Lucy Telliyan AU - Kevin Aprelian AU - Aryeh Rosenberg AU - Nikole Pouri AU - Gerard Beltran AU - Vivian Ramirez AU - David Kaufman AU - Arpineh Petrosyan AU - Deanna Nazarian AU - Monikajane Magistrado AU - Suren Matinian AU - Daniel Hanna AU - Sera Eskandari AU - Faisal Atanante AU - Adees Nerses AU - Greg Zem AU - Steven Oppenheimer Y1 - 2020/04/30 PY - 2020 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12 DO - 10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12 T2 - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research JF - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research JO - American Journal of Applied Scientific Research SP - 39 EP - 42 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2471-9730 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajasr.20200602.12 AB - Clumped cells are generally more dangerous than single cells in cancer spread, thrombocytosis and biofilm infectivity. Here a simple direct kinetic assay is used to examine a specific reagent for anti-clumping activity using a Prefer fixed yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) model that has been recently described by us in detail using other reagents. In 1212 trials by 17 investigators sodium sulfate (1-3 mg per ml deionized water) was examined by measuring percentage single cells, number of clumps and number of cells per clump over a 60 min time course, with standard deviations and t-tests to determine any significant differences between controls and experimentals. Sodium sulfate showed sometimes inconsistent unclumping activity especially in magnitude of effects. When percentage of single cells increased, clump number and/or number of cells per clump generally decreased, helping to validate the assay. An example of these findings in 60 trials at 60 min with 1-3 mg sodium sulfate per ml deionized water: 1 mg 15% increased singles (p0.05); 2 mg 12% increased singles (p<0.01), 20% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 30% decreased cells per clump (p<0.01); 3 mg 27% increased singles (p<0.01), 36% decreased clumps (p<0.01), 28% decreased cells per clump (p<0.02). Here sodium sulfate showed promise as an anti-cell-clumping reagent together with sodium citrate reported previously in part 1 of this study. Sodium citrate is a known human anticoagulant independently identified with this assay, helping to validate the assay for drug discovery applications. VL - 6 IS - 2 ER -
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